The layout form of the CNC lathe is the same as that of an ordinary lathe, but the layout form of the tool rest and guide rail of the CNC lathe has great changes, which directly affects the service performance of the CNC lathe and the structure and appearance of the machine tool. In addition, CNC lathes are equipped with closed protective devices.

1. Layout of bed and guide rail. The relative position of the horizontal plane of the guide rail of the NC lathe bed.

• Flat bed layout. It has good processability and is convenient for the processing of the guide rail surfaces. The horizontal bed is equipped with a horizontally placed tool rest, which can improve the motion accuracy of the tool rest. This layout can generally be used for large CNC lathes or small precision CNC lathes. However, due to the small space in the lower part of the horizontal bed, it is difficult to remove debris. In terms of structural dimensions, the horizontal placement of the tool rest makes the horizontal dimension of the sliding plate longer, thus increasing the structural dimension of the machine tool in the width direction.

• Layout of the flatbed inclined sliding plate. The inclination angles of the guide rail are 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, and 75 ° respectively. When the inclination angle of the guide rail is 90 °, it is called the upright bed. Small inclination angle, inconvenient chip removal; The inclination angle is large, and the guide rail has poor guidance and stress. The size of its tilt-angle also directly affects the proportion of the height and width of the overall dimension of the machine tool. Considering the above factors, the inclination of the bed of medium and small-sized CNC lathes should be 60 °.

• Layout of the flatbed inclined sliding plate. On the one hand, this layout has the characteristics of good processability of the horizontal bed. On the other hand, the size of the machine tool in the width direction is smaller than that of the horizontal sliding plate, and it is convenient for chip removal.

The layout form of flatbed inclined sliding plate and the inclined bed is widely used by medium and small CNC lathes. This is because these two layout forms are easy to remove chips, hot cutting chips will not accumulate on the guide rail, and it is also convenient to install an automatic chip conveyor; It is easy to operate and install a manipulator to realize single machine automation; The machine tool covers a small area and has a beautiful appearance, which is easy to realize closed protection.

2. The layout of the tool rest is divided into two categories: row tool rest and rotary tool rest.

At present, the rotary turret is mostly used in two coordinate CNC lathes, and its layout on the machine tool has two forms. One is a rotary tool rest used for processing disk parts, whose rotary axis is parallel to the main shaft; The other is a rotary tool rest for machining shaft and disk parts, whose rotary axis is perpendicular to the spindle.

For a four-axis CNC lathe, two independent sliding plates and rotary tool holders are installed on the lathe bed, which is also called a double tool holder four-axis CNC lathe. The cutting feed of each tool rest is controlled separately, so the two tool rests can cut different parts of the same workpiece at the same time, which not only expands the processing range but also improves the processing efficiency. It is suitable for processing crankshafts, aircraft parts, and other parts with complex shapes and large batches.

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